Differentiation of Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme and Radiation Necrosis using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computerized Approaches: A Review

Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor originating from glial cells that subset of higher-grade gliomas (HGG). Given the extreme malignancy GBM and HGG, radiotherapy often used to shrink inhibit cell function. Despite use radiotherapy, recurrence rates remain high, complications, such as radiation necrosis, can arise. Recurrent necrosis are nearly indistinguishable using current imaging techniques, which considerable challenge in management treatment. Radiation treated conservatively corticosteroids while recurrent requires treatments given its markedly short prognosis. Currently, invasive biopsy only available method for accurate differentiation necrosis. Clearly, noninvasive techniques imperative effective clinical decision-making surrounding Many studies have attempted conventional MRI, advanced MRI parameters, modalities, machine learning methods solve this crucial problem. In review, we attempt overview difficulty differential diagnosis analyze state knowledge on image-based approaches utilizing MRI. We identify major gaps research make suggestions improve tactics direct future investigations.